List Of Nearest Galaxies -
1) Andromeda galaxy -
At a distance of about 2.5 million light years, the Andromeda galaxy (also known as NGC 224 and M31) is the nearest galaxy to the Earth apart from smaller companion galaxies such as the Magellanic Clouds.
Like the Milky Way, Andromeda is a spiral galaxy. It can be spotted with the naked eye and so has been known to humans for a very long time.In the 1920s astronomer Edwin Hubble confirmed that Andromeda is another galaxy and not just a gas cloud in the Milky Way as was previously thought.
2) Canis Major Overdensity -
The Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy or Canis Major Overdensity is a disputed dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group, located in the same part of the sky as the constellation Canis Major.
The supposed small galaxy contains a relatively high percentage of red giants, and is thought to contain an estimated one billion stars in all.
The Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy is classified as an irregular galaxy and is now thought to be the closest neighbouring galaxy to our location in the Milky Way, being located about 25,000 light-years away from the Solar System and 42,000 light-years from the Galactic Center.
3) Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy -
The Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (Sgr dSph), also known as the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy (Sgr dE or Sag DEG), is an elliptical loop-shaped satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. It consists of four globular clusters, the main cluster having been discovered in 1994. Sgr dSph is roughly 10,000 light-years in diameter, and is currently about 70,000 light-years from Earth, travelling in a polar orbit at a distance of about 50,000 light-years from the core of the Milky Way (about 1/3 the distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud).
4) Ursa Major II Dwarf -
Ursa Major II Dwarf (UMa II dSph) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy situated in the Ursa Major constellation and discovered in 2006 in the data obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.The galaxy is located approximately 30 kpc from the Sun and moves towards the Sun with the velocity of about 116 km/s.It is classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) meaning that it has an elliptical shape with the half-light radius of about 140 pc.
5) Large Magellanic Cloud -
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is a nearby galaxy, and a satellite of the Milky Way.At a distance of 50 kiloparsecs (≈163,000 light-years), the LMC is the third closest galaxy to the Milky Way, after the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal (~ 16 kiloparsecs) and the putative Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy (~ 12.9 kiloparsecs, though its status as a galaxy is under dispute) lying closer to the center of the Milky Way. The LMC has a diameter of about 14,000 light-years (~ 4.3 kpc) and a mass of approximately 10 billion Sun masses (1010 solar masses), making it roughly 1/100 as massive as the Milky Way. The LMC is the fourth-largest galaxy in the Local Group, after the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), the Milky Way, and the Triangulum Galaxy (M33).
6) Boötes I (dwarf galaxy) -
The Boötes Dwarf Galaxy (Boo I dSph) is a galaxy, which appears faint, with a luminosity of 100,000 L☉ and an absolute magnitude of –5.8. It lies about 197 thousand light-years (60.4 kiloparsecs) away in the constellation Boötes. This dwarf spheroidal galaxy appears to be tidally disrupted by the Milky Way Galaxy, which it orbits, and has two stellar tails that cross over to form a cross. Tidally disrupted galaxies usually only form one tail.
Apparent magnitude = Absolute magnitude + Distance modulus = –5.8 + 18.9 = 13.1
7) Small Magellanic Cloud -
The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), or Nebucula Minor, is a dwarf galaxy near the Milky Way.It is classified as a dwarf irregular galaxy. It has a diameter of about 7,000 light-years,contains several hundred million stars,and has a total mass of approximately 7 billion times the mass of the Sun.The SMC contains a central bar structure and it is speculated that it was once a barred spiral galaxy that was disrupted by the Milky Way to become somewhat irregular.At a distance of about 200,000 light-years, it is one of the Milky Way's nearest neighbors. It is also one of the most distant objects that can be seen with the naked eye.
